English to Chinese: 培育绿色超级稻的设想 General field: Science Detailed field: Agriculture | |
Source text - English From a global viewpoint, a number of challenges need to be met for sustainable rice production: (i) increasingly severe occurrence of insects and diseases and indiscriminate pesticide applications; (ii)high pressure for yield increase and overuse of fertilizers; (iii) water shortage and increasingly frequent occurrence of drought; and (iv) extensive cultivation in marginal lands. A combination of approaches based on the recent advances in genomic research has been formulated to address these challenges, with the long-term goal to develop rice cultivars referred to as Green Super Rice. On the premise of continued yield increase and quality improvement, Green Super Rice should possess resistances to multiple insects and diseases, high nutrient efficiency, and drought resistance, promising to greatly reduce the consumption of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and water.Large efforts have been focused on identifying germplasms and discovering genes for resistance to diseases and insects, N- and P-use efficiency, drought resistance, grain quality, and yield. The approaches adopted include screening of germplasm collections and mutant libraries, gene discovery and identification, microarray analysis of differentially regulated genes under stressed conditions, and functional test of candidate genes by transgenic analysis. Genes for almost all of the traits have now been isolated in a global perspective and are gradually incorporated into genetic backgrounds of elite cultivars by molecular marker-assisted selection or transformation. It is anticipated that such strategies and efforts would eventually lead to the development of Green Super Rice. | Translation - Chinese 从全球来看,水稻的可持续生产面临许多挑战:(1)病虫害日益严重与滥用杀虫剂;(2)增产压力大与过度使用化肥;(3)水资源短缺与干旱日益频发;(4)过度垦荒。基于基因组研究最新进展的组合方法已用于应对这些挑战,长期目标是培育被称作绿色超级稻的水稻品种。在持续增产与提高质量的前提下,绿色超级稻应当可抵抗多种病虫、营养高效以及抗旱,以便极大减少杀虫剂、化肥和水的使用。大量的精力集中用于种质鉴定、抗病虫基因的发现、氮磷的使用效率、抗旱、米质与产量上。采用的方法包括种质收集与突变体库的筛查,基因的发现与鉴定,恶劣条件下差异调控基因的微阵列分析以及通过转基因分析进行候补基因的性能测试。从全球来看,具有这些特性的基因几乎全已被提取出来,并通过分子标记辅助育种或转成作用逐步融入优良品种的遗传背景。人们预计这种设想与努力最终会促进绿色超级稻的培育。 |
Chinese to English: 在中国湖北·澳大利亚昆士兰 合作项目对接会上的讲话 General field: Bus/Financial Detailed field: Business/Commerce (general) | |
Source text - Chinese 中澳两国交往源远流长,近年来交流合作不断深化。特别是2014年习近平主席访澳期间,两国领导人决定将双边关系提升为全面战略合作伙伴关系。2015年7月,中澳之间正式签署自由贸易协定,为双边经贸发展注入强劲动力。
湖北与澳大利亚的友好交往由来已久。20年前,湖北的鄂州市就与澳大利亚的怀阿拉市建立了友好城市关系。在双方的不懈努力下,2015年,湖北与昆士兰州正式签订友好省州协议,开启了湖北与澳大利亚互信交往新航程。2016年,湖北与澳大利亚进出口贸易额超过10亿美元。2017年1月,武汉直飞悉尼洲际航线正式开通,湖北与澳大利亚的友好往来更加便利。 | Translation - English China and Australia have a long history of exchanges, which have been deepened in recent years. In particular, during the visit of President Xi Jinping in 2014, the leaders of our two countries decided to promote bilateral relationship as a comprehensive strategic partnership. In July 2015, China and Australia officially signed a free trade agreement, injecting strong impetus to the bilateral economic and trade development.
Hubei and Australia have a long history of friendly exchanges. Twenty years ago, Ezhou City in Hubei Province established a sister-city relationship with Whyalla in Australia. With the unremitting efforts of both sides, Hubei and Queensland officially signed up a friendly province-state agreement in 2015, ushering in a new age of mutual-trust communication between Hubei and Australia. In 2016, our import and export volume exceeded 1 billion US dollars. In January 2017, Hubei and Australia's friendly exchanges became more convenient since direct flights from Wuhan to Sydney were open to traffic. |